WEB DESIGNING (HTML)

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HTML: The Building Blocks of Web Pages

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the basic language used to create and structure content on the web. Think of it as the blueprint for web pages—HTML tells your browser what to display and how to organize text, images, and links on a page. For example, it uses tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <a> for links, making it easy to design and navigate websites. It's the foundation that holds the internet's visual world together!



HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the language used to create web pages. It works like a guide that tells your web browser how to display text, images, links, and other content. It uses simple codes called "tags" to organize and structure everything you see on a website.



HTML (HyperText Markup Language) consists of several key components that work together to structure and present content on the web. Here are the primary components:


1.HTML Document Structure

   <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type (HTML5).

   <html>: The root element that contains all HTML content.

   <head>: Contains metadata, links to stylesheets, and scripts.

   <body>: Contains the content displayed on the webpage.


 2. Basic Tags

   <html>: Root element.

   <head>: Metadata, title, links to external files.

   <title>: Sets the webpage title shown on the browser tab.

   <body>: Main content of the webpage.


3. Text Formatting Tags

   <h1> to <h6>: Headings (h1 is the largest, h6 is the smallest).

   <p>: Paragraphs.

   <b> or <strong>: Bold text.

   <i> or <em>: Italic text.

   <u>: Underlined text.

   <br>: Line break.

   <hr> : Horizontal rule (divider).


4. Links and Media

   <a href="URL">: Hyperlink.

   <img src="URL" alt="description">: Image.

   <video>: Video embedding.

   <audio>: Audio embedding.


5. Lists

   <ul>: Unordered list (bulleted).

   <ol>: Ordered list (numbered).

   <li>: List item.


6. Tables

   <table>: Creates a table.

   <tr>: Table row.

   <th>: Table header.

   <td>: Table data cell.


7. Forms and Input

   <form>: Form container.

   <input>: Input field (e.g., text, password, checkbox).

   <textarea>: Multi-line text input.

   <button>: Button.

   <select> and <option>: Dropdown menu.

   <label>: Label for input fields.


8. Semantic Elements

   <header>: Defines the header of a section or page.

   <footer>: Defines the footer of a section or page.

   <main>: Main content area.

   <section>: Groups related content.

   <article>: Self-contained content.

   <nav>: Navigation links.

   <aside>: Sidebar or related content.


9. Attributes

    Attributes provide additional information about elements.

    Common attributes: ' id ', ' class ', ' src ', ' alt ',  'href ', ' style ', ' title ', ' target ', ' name ', ' value '.


10. Scripts and Styles

   <script>: Embeds or links JavaScript.

   <link>: Links external CSS.

   <style>: Embeds CSS.


 11. Comments

   <!-- Comment here -->: Used for adding notes that are not displayed on the webpage.


12. Meta Tags

   <meta>: Provides metadata such as character encoding, viewport settings, and SEO keywords.





characteristics of HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) has several characteristics that define its functionality and purpose. Here are its key characteristics:


1. Markup Language

 HTML is a markup language that uses tags to structure and present content on the web.

  Tags are enclosed in angle brackets, 

e.g., <tag>.


2. Platform Independent

 HTML works across all platforms and operating systems as long as there is a web browser to interpret it.


3. Easy to Learn

  HTML has a simple and straightforward syntax, making it beginner-friendly.


4. Static Language

  HTML itself is used to create static content, but when combined with CSS and JavaScript, it can create interactive and dynamic pages.


5. Case Insensitivity

  HTML tags are not case-sensitive, so <BODY> and   <body>  are interpreted the same way (although lowercase is the standard in HTML5).


6. Tag-Based Structure

  HTML documents are structured using tags, including:

     Opening tags: <tag>

     Closing tags:  </tag> (some tags are self-closing, e.g., <img />).


 7. Hierarchy and Nesting

  HTML elements can be nested within one another to form a hierarchical structure.


 8. Hyperlinking

  HTML supports hyperlinks (  <a>  tag), which connect webpages and resources, forming the basis of the World Wide Web.


 9. Browser Compatibility

  HTML is supported by all modern web browsers, ensuring consistent content rendering across devices.


10. Combination with Other Technologies

   HTML can be combined with:

    CSS for styling.

     JavaScript for interactivity and dynamic behavior.


11. Supports Multimedia

  HTML supports embedding images, audio, video, and other multimedia using tags like   <img>,  <audio> , and  <video> .


12.  Semantic Elements

   HTML5 introduced semantic tags (e.g., <header>, <footer>, <article>) to provide better meaning and improve SEO.


 13. Extensibility

  HTML is extensible and integrates with newer web technologies and APIs, such as WebGL, WebSockets, and SVG.


 14. Cross-Browser Behavior

  HTML standards ensure consistent behavior across browsers, although minor rendering differences may occur.

 

15. Declarative Nature

  HTML describes the structure of a webpage but does not control behavior directly. Behavior is handled by JavaScript or other scripts.





The basic structure of an HTML




document consists of essential elements that define the layout and content. Here's the structure:


html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

    <title>Document Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    <!-- Content goes here -->

</body>

</html>



Explanation:

1. <!DOCTYPE html>

   Declares the document type as HTML5.


2. <html lang="en">

   The root element of the HTML document.

   The lang="en" attribute specifies the            language of the document (English).


3. <head>

   Contains metadata and information about the document, such as:

   <meta charset="UTF-8">: Sets the character encoding to UTF-8 (supports most characters).

     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">`: Ensures responsive design on all devices.

     <title>: Specifies the title of the webpage (displayed in the browser tab).


4. <body>

    Contains the visible content of the webpage (e.g., text, images, videos, etc.).




Here is a basic HTML code structure:


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <title>My First Webpage</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>

    <p>This is a basic HTML page.</p>

</body>

</html>


Output




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